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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management
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Surviving Extreme Anaemia.

Joana M Esteves1, Joana Fernandes2, Pedro Oliveira Monteiro3

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Santa Maria Maior, Barcelos, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extreme anemia, often fatal, can be successfully treated. This case highlights effective management of profound megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency, emphasizing patient adherence for chronic conditions.

Keywords:
Severe anaemianutritional deficiencyvitamin B12

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Severe anemia was a significant cause of morbidity and mortality before transfusion medicine.
  • Discovery of hematopoietic mechanisms and nutrients enabled easier treatment and prevention of anemia.
  • Extreme anemia (hemoglobin <2 g/dl) remains frequently fatal despite advances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of successful treatment of profound megaloblastic anemia.
  • To illustrate the management of extreme anemia in a clinical setting.
  • To emphasize the importance of patient adherence in managing nutritional deficiencies.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 54-year-old woman with extreme megaloblastic anemia.
  • Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency as the cause.
  • Successful treatment and recovery.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with profound megaloblastic anemia (hemoglobin 1.7 g/dl).
  • The condition was successfully treated.
  • Recovery was achieved, demonstrating effective management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause severe anemia, treatable with timely diagnosis and intervention.
  • Patient adherence is crucial for managing chronic conditions like post-gastrectomy nutritional deficiencies.
  • Tailored treatment for extreme anemia, considering hemodynamic stability, is vital to reduce mortality and complications.