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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Transcription01:17

Transcription

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Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Physiological and Aberrant γ-Globin Transcription During Development.

Gloria Barbarani1, Agata Labedz1, Sarah Stucchi1

  • 1Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|April 19, 2021
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Summary

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) normally switches to adult hemoglobin (HbA) after birth. Inappropriate HbF expression in adults may indicate the persistence of fetal cells contributing to disease.

Keywords:
erythropoiesisglobin geneshereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobinjuvenile myelomonocytic leukemiatranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Fetal hemoglobin (HbF), composed of α2γ2 tetramers, is crucial for oxygen delivery during gestation.
  • Postnatally, γ-globin expression is typically silenced, replaced by β-globin to form adult hemoglobin (HbA; α2β2).
  • HbF re-expression occurs in various conditions, including hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, anemias, and leukemias, but its molecular basis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying differential γ-globin gene expression in fetal development.
  • To understand the inappropriate activation of γ-globin in adult cells.
  • To explore the potential link between persistent fetal cells and postnatal HbF expression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns during normal development.
  • Identification of transcription factors regulating γ-globin expression.
  • Investigation of cellular origins of postnatal HbF.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific transcription factors involved in regulating γ-globin expression.
  • Observed inappropriate HbF expression in adult cells under certain conditions.
  • Highlighted the potential role of persistent fetal cells in adult HbF production.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular basis for γ-globin differential expression and inappropriate adult activation is complex and involves identified transcription factors.
  • Postnatal HbF expression may serve as a marker for the contribution of persistent fetal cells to disease states.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of fetal cell persistence in adult hematopoiesis and disease.