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The Bovine Lung in Biomedical Research: Visually Guided Bronchoscopy, Intrabronchial Inoculation and In Vivo Sampling Techniques

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Bovine Coronavirus and the Associated Diseases

Anastasia N Vlasova¹, Linda J Saif¹

¹Center for Food Animal Health Research, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

|April 19, 2021

Summary

Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) infect cattle, causing diverse diseases. These viruses, including bovine-like strains, show broad host tropism and potential for zoonotic transmission, necessitating further study of their pathogenesis and control.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Infectious Diseases
Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are significant RNA viruses with large genomes, known for diverse disease syndromes and interspecies transmission.
Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) cause neonatal calf diarrhea and respiratory illnesses in cattle.
Recent epidemics (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) underscore the public health importance of CoVs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and interspecies transmission of Bovine Coronaviruses (BCoVs).
To discuss immune responses, vaccines, and diagnostic strategies for BCoV infections.
To highlight the relevance of BCoVs and related viruses in animal and public health.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on BCoV and related coronaviruses.
Comparative genomic analysis of BCoVs and bovine-like CoVs.
Epidemiological data compilation on host range and disease associations.

Main Results:

BCoVs exist as quasispecies and are associated with various cattle diseases without clear genetic markers.
BCoVs and bovine-like CoVs infect a wide range of ruminants, dogs, and humans, with indistinguishable genomic features.
Historical zoonotic transmission events of BCoVs have been documented.

Conclusions:

BCoVs exhibit broad host tropism and potential for zoonotic transmission, posing risks to animal and human health.
Understanding BCoV pathogenesis, epidemiology, and immune responses is crucial for developing effective vaccines and diagnostics.
Further research is needed to address the challenges posed by BCoV genetic diversity and interspecies transmission.

Keywords:

bovine coronavirus bovine respiratory disease complex cattle diarrhea enteric respiratory wild ruminants

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