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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Bioprinting Cellularized Constructs Using a Tissue-specific Hydrogel Bioink
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Direct-ink-write printing of hydrogels using dilute inks.

Xiaotian Li1, Ping Zhang1, Qi Li1

  • 1Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Iscience
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new direct-ink-write (DIW) printing method for dilute inks. By controlling ink-substrate interactions, it enables printing with materials previously incompatible with traditional DIW processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Direct-ink-write (DIW) printing is versatile but limited by ink rheology requirements.
  • Current DIW inks typically have viscosities ranging from 10-1 to 103 Pa·s.
  • These rheological constraints restrict the selection of printable materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a DIW printing method compatible with dilute inks (viscosity ~10-3 Pa·s).
  • To overcome limitations imposed by traditional ink viscosity requirements in DIW printing.
  • To expand the scope of materials and applications for additive manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulating ink-substrate interactions to enable printing with low-viscosity inks.
  • Utilizing surface energy differences between ink and substrate.
Keywords:
Materials ProcessingMaterials Science EngineeringSurface Science

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  • Developing a DIW printing system for dilute hydrogel inks.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated successful DIW printing using dilute inks (~10-3 Pa·s).
    • Showcased spontaneous wetting and shape retention of extruded dilute ink before solidification.
    • Verified the method's applicability across various materials and substrates.
    • Presented three immediate deployment examples.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel method significantly broadens the range of printable materials for DIW.
    • This advancement enhances the capabilities of additive manufacturing.
    • Controlling interfacial phenomena offers a new paradigm for ink formulation in printing.