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Plastic Bronchitis in a Five-Year-Old Boy Treated Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; a Case Report
Tsuyoshi Nojima1, Hiromichi Naito1, Takafumi Obara1
1Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine
|April 19, 2021
Summary
Plastic bronchitis, a rare condition causing bronchial casts and respiratory failure, can be triggered by influenza A in children. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was crucial for treating a severe pediatric case.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Plastic bronchitis is an uncommon disorder characterized by the formation of bronchial casts, potentially leading to acute respiratory failure.
- Influenza infections, particularly in pediatric patients, can precipitate this condition through bronchial obstruction.
Observation:
- A five-year-old boy presented with plastic bronchitis secondary to influenza A infection.
- The patient experienced severe acute respiratory distress and total lung atelectasis.
Findings:
- Standard treatments were insufficient, necessitating the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for recovery.
- ECMO provided effective oxygenation, supporting the patient through severe, reversible acute respiratory failure.
Implications:
- Clinicians should consider plastic bronchitis in pediatric patients with influenza-associated acute respiratory distress and lung atelectasis.
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a vital intervention for severe cases of influenza-induced plastic bronchitis.
