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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Published on: February 23, 2024

[Orthognathic treatment and aligners, which protocol?]

Waddah Sabouni¹, Magali Lacroix¹, Pierre Leclercq²

¹Bandol Rivage, 2524 route de Bandol, 83110 Sanary-sur-Mer, France.

L' Orthodontie Francaise

|April 19, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Digital dental technologies significantly reduce orthodontic-surgical treatment times. Combining 3D scanning and radiography enables precise planning and fabrication of custom aligners, leading to faster patient recovery.

Keywords:

3D Scanning Aligners Orthodontic-surgical treatments Thermoformed splint

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Last Updated: Nov 8, 2025

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Area of Science:

Digital dentistry
Orthodontics
Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Background:

Digital dental technologies are rapidly advancing.
Digital simulation allows for precise planning of dental movements and arch displacements.
Thermoformed splints can be manufactured based on these simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel orthodontic-surgical management protocol.
To detail the coupling of intraoral 3D scanning with low-dose 3D radiography.
To demonstrate the application of 3D digital technology and thermoformed aligners in orthognathic surgery.

Main Methods:

Integration of intraoral 3D scanning and low-dose 3D radiography for precise surgical setup.
Preparation of repositioning aligners based on digital simulations.
Fabrication of custom osteosynthesis plates.
Detailed description of an orthodontic-surgical management protocol using aligners.

Main Results:

The combined digital approach allows for highly accurate surgical planning and aligner fabrication.
Clinical cases demonstrate significant progress in orthognathic surgery using 3D technology and the Invisalign system.
Average treatment time in presented cases was considerably reduced compared to conventional protocols.

Conclusions:

The presented digital workflow streamlines orthognathic surgery.
3D digital technologies, including intraoral scanning and 3D radiography, enhance precision and efficiency.
The use of thermoformed aligner systems can lead to shorter overall treatment durations in orthognathic surgery.