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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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COVID-19 from a cardiovascular perspective

Alfonso Bryce-Moncloa1, Mayte Bryce-Alberti2, Arianna Portmann-Baracco2

  • 1Academia Nacional de Medicina Lima-Perú, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Hipertensión Arterial (LASH), Sociedad Interamericana de Cardiología (SIAC), Comité Editorial en Español de la Revista del Colegio Americano de Cardiología (JACC), Sociedad Internacional de Aterosclerosis (IAS), Colegio Americano de Cardiología, Sociedad Europea de Cardiología, Unidad de Investigación CARDIOGOLF, Lima, Perú.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause myocardial injury, particularly in severe cases. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, specifically angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), plays a key role in mitigating lung and cardiac damage.

Keywords:
PandemiaCardiovascularECA2SARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Myocardial injury is a recognized complication in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
  • Severe COVID-19 is correlated with increased cardiac events.
  • The virus progresses from lung infection to systemic inflammation, causing hypoxemia and cardiovascular stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • To elucidate the protective mechanisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on COVID-19, myocardial injury, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and systemic inflammation.

Main Results:

  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is implicated in severe COVID-19.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mediates vasodilation, cardioprotection, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation.
  • Free ACE2 inhibits viral binding and reduces lung damage.

Conclusions:

  • ACE2 plays a critical protective role against COVID-19-induced lung and myocardial injury.
  • Targeting the ACE2 pathway may offer therapeutic strategies for severe COVID-19.