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Case Report: Fulminant Infantile Beriberi: A Report of Six Cases

Madhusudan Samprathi, Faisal Mohammad, Sridhar M

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |April 19, 2021
    PubMed

    Insights

    Infantile beriberi, a severe thiamine deficiency, is a critical cause of infant mortality and developmental issues. Early recognition and empirical thiamine treatment can be life-saving for affected infants.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Public Health
    • Nutritional Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Thiamine deficiency disorders present a significant, under-recognized public health challenge in low- and middle-income nations.
    • Infantile beriberi is a critical manifestation of thiamine deficiency, contributing to infant mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment.

    Observation:

    • Six infants presented with acute, severe illnesses mimicking common childhood conditions like pneumonia and sepsis.
    • Four infants exhibited Shoshin beriberi, a severe cardiovascular form, alongside pulmonary arterial hypertension.

    Findings:

    • Empirical intravenous thiamine administration led to dramatic recovery in four of the six infants.
    • The varied clinical presentations and lack of diagnostic markers contribute to frequent misdiagnoses of infantile beriberi.

    Implications:

    • Increased awareness of infantile beriberi's clinical definition is crucial for timely diagnosis.
    • Prompt empirical thiamine treatment can be life-saving and prevent lifelong morbidity in infants.
    • Addressing thiamine deficiency is vital for improving child survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes in vulnerable populations.

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