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Related Experiment Video

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Recording Behavioral Responses to Reflection in Crayfish

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Published on: May 14, 2010

The Development of Cognitive Reflection in China.

Tianwei Gong¹, Andrew G Young², Andrew Shtulman³

¹Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University.

Cognitive Science

|April 19, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive reflection, the ability to think deeply, was tested in Chinese adults and children. Results show cognitive reflection is linked to rational thinking and open-mindedness, even in cultures valuing nonanalytic thought.

Keywords:

Cognitive development Cognitive reflection Cross-cultural cognition Rational thought Thinking dispositions

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Cognitive reflection involves overriding intuitive responses for deliberate reasoning.
Understanding cognitive reflection in diverse cultural contexts is crucial.
Chinese culture traditionally emphasizes holistic, nonanalytic thinking styles.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the emergence and correlates of cognitive reflection in Chinese adults and children.
To examine the relationship between cognitive reflection and rational thinking dispositions in a non-Western cultural context.

Main Methods:

Administered a child-friendly cognitive reflection test (CRT-D) to 130 adults and 111 children in China.
Assessed rational thinking using measures of belief bias, base rate sensitivity, denominator neglect, and other-side thinking.
Evaluated normative thinking dispositions, including actively open-minded thinking and need for cognition.

Main Results:

Performance on the CRT-D significantly predicted rational thinking and normative thinking dispositions in both age groups.
Adult CRT-D performance correlated with the original CRT.
Children's CRT-D performance predicted rational thinking and normative dispositions, independent of age.

Conclusions:

Cognitive reflection, rational thinking, and normative thinking dispositions converge across cultures, including those emphasizing nonanalytic reasoning.
The findings support the universality of cognitive reflection's link to higher-order thinking skills.
Cognitive reflection is a valid construct measurable across different age groups and cultural settings.