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Calcium-based signalling systems in guard cells.

CarL K-Y Ng1, Martin R Mcainsh1, Julie E Gray2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.

The New Phytologist
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium ions (Ca2+) act as crucial signals in plant and animal cells, regulating processes like stomatal opening and closing. Research explores how specific calcium signatures are generated in guard cells for stimulus response.

Keywords:
CADPRH2O2abscisic acidcalcium signallinginositol phosphatesspecificitystomata

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are vital intracellular signals regulating diverse cellular functions in plants and animals.
  • In plants, Ca2+ acts as a second messenger in stomatal guard cells, mediating responses to external stimuli.
  • Changes in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in guard cells are key to stomatal pore dynamics (opening/closing).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms encoding stimulus-specific calcium (Ca2+) signals in plant guard cells.
  • To understand how differential regulation of calcium influx and release generates specific Ca2+ signatures.
  • To identify key components involved in intracellular calcium mobilization pathways in guard cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of calcium signaling pathways in stomatal guard cells.
  • Identification of molecular components like cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (cADPR), phospholipase C-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (PLC-InsP3), inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
  • Comparative analysis of calcium signaling pathways between plants and animals.

Main Results:

  • Regulated increases in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) are common intermediates in stomatal opening and closing pathways.
  • Specific calcium signatures are likely generated by differential control over calcium influx and release from intracellular stores.
  • Key signaling molecules including cADPR, PLC-InsP3, InsP6, and H2O2 are identified in guard cell calcium pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the critical role of calcium (Ca2+) in regulating stomatal function.
  • Specific calcium signatures in guard cells are crucial for stimulus-specific responses.
  • Intracellular calcium mobilization pathways in plants show evolutionary conservation with those in animals.