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Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species

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CALEDONIAN SCOTS PINE: ORIGINS AND GENETIC STRUCTURE.

Bohun B Kinloch¹, R D Westfall², G I Forrest¹

¹Forestry Commission, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland.

The New Phytologist

|April 20, 2021

Summary

Scottish Scots pine populations are genetically rich, not impoverished, despite range reductions. High variability exists within populations, with some unique genetic clusters found in northwestern Scotland.

Keywords:

Isozymes Pinus sylvestris Pleistocene monoterpene inheritance multivariate analysis

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Area of Science:

Genetics
Botany
Ecology

Background:

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Scotland faces range and population size reductions due to natural and anthropogenic factors.
Understanding the genetic structure of these endemic populations is crucial for conservation and evolutionary insights.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the genetic structure of native Scots pine populations in Scotland.
To determine if endemic populations are genetically impoverished despite historical contractions.
To identify patterns of genetic variability and population differentiation.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genetic variation using monoterpene and isozyme loci as markers.
Calculation of average heterozygosities for biochemical markers.
Application of canonical variate analysis to compare gene frequencies among populations.

Main Results:

Endemic Scots pine populations are not genetically impoverished, exhibiting high variability (average heterozygosities of 0.33 for monoterpenes and 0.30 for isozymes).
Over 95% of genetic variability is found within populations, though significant gene frequency differences exist among them.
Canonical variate analysis revealed distinct genetic clusters in northwestern Scotland (Wester Ross), with no other clear geographic pattern.

Conclusions:

The genetic data, consistent with metrical and physiological traits, suggests limited genetic affinity between Scottish and continental European Scots pine.
The findings, combined with Holocene pollen data, support the hypothesis that the Caledonian Scots pine originated from multiple endemic refugia post-glaciation.