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Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
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COMPETITION BETWEEN THREE LICHEN SPECIES USING A FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN.

R A Armstrong1

  • 1Department of Molecular Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.

The New Phytologist
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Competition among three lichen species on Welsh slate rocks revealed complex interactions. While some species outcompeted others in pairs, all three thrived together, suggesting coexistence on well-lit surfaces.

Keywords:
Lichen competitionanalysis of variancefactorial designrock surfacespecies co-occurrence

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Botany
  • Lichenology

Background:

  • Foliose lichens are common on slate rock habitats.
  • Understanding interspecific competition is crucial for lichen community structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the competitive interactions between three common foliose lichen species.
  • To determine if pairwise competition predicts outcomes in three-species mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Field-based factorial experiment using lichen fragments on slate.
  • Two- and three-species mixtures were established.
  • Growth and competitive success were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Parmelia conspersa strongly outcompeted Parmelia glabratula ssp. fuliginosa and Physcia orbicularis.
  • P. orbicularis weakly outcompeted P. glabratula.
  • Interactions in three-species mixtures differed from pairwise predictions.
  • P. glabratula and P. orbicularis showed enhanced growth with more competitors.

Conclusions:

  • Pairwise competition does not fully predict outcomes in multi-species lichen communities.
  • Complex competitive dynamics allow for the coexistence of these three foliose lichens.
  • Well-lit rock surfaces may facilitate the co-occurrence of Parmelia conspersa, P. glabratula, and P. orbicularis.