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Related Concept Videos

Plant Cell Wall02:43

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The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
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Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
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Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.  
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Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

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Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
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The Phragmoplast01:59

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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Air pollution relevance analysis in the bay of Algeciras (Spain).

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Developmental changes in the aperture during pollen grain ontogeny in Olea europaea L.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques
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Pollen wall development in Olea europaea L.

M C Fernández1, M I Rodríguez-García1

  • 1Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.

The New Phytologist
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen grain wall

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Pollen Morphology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Pollen grain wall development is crucial for plant reproduction.
  • Understanding olive pollen ontogeny provides insights into species-specific structural formations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the ontogeny of the olive pollen grain wall.
  • To correlate structural changes with developmental stages in Olea europaea L.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes.
  • Pollen development stages from tetrad to mature grain were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Primexine deposition and probacule formation occur during the tetrad stage.
Keywords:
Pollenoliveontogenyultrastructurewall

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  • Endexine, bacules, and foot-layer develop from callose wall material.
  • Mature olive pollen exhibits a determined exine structure with microchannels, intine, and lipid drops (pollenkitt) in exine arcades.

    • Conclusions:

    • Olive pollen wall ontogeny involves sequential deposition and modification of structural components.
    • The final exine architecture is established by the young free microspore stage.
    • Lipid drops within the mature pollen grain originate from the tapetum.