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A new method for obtaining Anabaena-free Azolla.

Chang Lin1, I Watanabe1

  • 1The International Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines.

The New Phytologist
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Removing Anabaena azollae from Azolla megasporocarps results in Anabaena-free sporelings. These Azolla require nitrogen, as they cannot fix atmospheric nitrogen without their symbiotic bacteria.

Keywords:
Anabaena azollaeAnabaena-free AzollaAzollamegasporocarpsnitrogen fixation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Microbiology
  • Symbiosis

Background:

  • Azolla harbors the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae.
  • This symbiosis is crucial for nitrogen fixation in Azolla, a key aquatic fern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complete elimination of Anabaena azollae from Azolla.
  • To determine the viability and growth requirements of Anabaena-free Azolla.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical removal of the indusium and apical membrane from Azolla megaspore apparatus.
  • Cultivation of resulting Azolla sporelings on nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing media.

Main Results:

  • Complete elimination of Anabaena azollae was achieved through the described surgical method.
  • Anabaena-free Azolla sporelings failed to survive on nitrogen-free media but grew normally with supplemental nitrogen.
  • New sporocarps produced by these Anabaena-free Azolla were also devoid of Anabaena.

Conclusions:

  • Anabaena azollae can be effectively removed from Azolla, creating Anabaena-free generations.
  • The symbiotic relationship is essential for the nitrogen-fixing capability of Azolla.
  • Anabaena-free Azolla relies on external nitrogen sources for survival and growth.