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Calcium Control of Pollen Tube Tip Growth.

The Biological bulletin·2018
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Pollen tube tip growth.

Martin W Steer1, Jill M Steer1

  • 1Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.

The New Phytologist
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pollen tube growth relies on cytoplasmic polarity, specialized wall structures, and calcium ions. The cytoskeletal control hypothesis, influenced by intracellular calcium, best explains tip extension, unlike cell wall control mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pollen tubes exhibit distinct cytoplasmic polarity and specialized wall structures.
  • Calcium ions are crucial for pollen tube growth, acting as chemotropic agents and influencing intracellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current information on pollen tube cytoplasm, wall structure, and calcium ion interactions.
  • To explore mechanisms regulating pollen tube tip growth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pollen tube cytology, wall composition, and calcium dynamics.
  • Analysis of hypotheses for tip growth regulation, including cell wall and cytoskeletal control.

Main Results:

  • Pollen tube cytoplasm features extensive endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes producing secretory vesicles for tip growth.
Keywords:
Pollen tubescalciumcell wallscytoskeletondictyosome activitypolaritysecretiontip growth

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  • The pollen tube wall has distinct layers, with the tip lacking a callosic layer.
  • Calcium ions are concentrated at the tip, influencing cytoskeletal activity and tip extension.

    • Conclusions:

    • The cytoskeletal control hypothesis, supported by evidence of calcium's intracellular effects, provides a better explanation for pollen tube tip growth.
    • Mitochondria likely regulate tip calcium levels for optimal growth.