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Ribosomal DNA variation and population differentiation in Salicornia L.

S M Noble1, A J Davy1, R P Oliver1

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Summary

Genetic analysis of Salicornia salt marsh plants revealed new patterns of differentiation. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) variants strongly correlate with tidal inundation, indicating site-specific adaptation and predominantly inbreeding.

Keywords:
Salicorniaenvironmental gradientgenetic differentiationinbreedingnuclear ribosomal DNA

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Salt marsh ecosystems are characterized by steep environmental gradients, particularly tidal inundation.
  • Salicornia species exhibit phenotypic variation, but their breeding systems and genetic differentiation patterns are not fully understood.
  • Nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a valuable marker for studying genetic variation and population structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic differentiation within and between Salicornia populations along an environmental gradient.
  • To explore the association between nuclear rDNA variation and tidal inundation.
  • To test the hypothesis of Salicornia being a predominant inbreeder using rDNA markers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nuclear rDNA repeat unit variation (10.5 kb and 12 kb) in Salicornia populations from Stiffkey, Norfolk.
  • Correlation of rDNA variant frequencies with environmental factors, specifically tidal inundation levels.
  • Use of rDNA variants as genetic markers to assess out-crossing rates in maternal plants and their progeny.

Main Results:

  • Distinct patterns of genetic differentiation were observed, with specific rDNA variants associated with different tidal inundation levels.
  • Salicornia dolichostachya and S. fragilis were monomorphic for the 12 kb variant (low marsh), while S. pusilla was monomorphic for the 10.5 kb variant (high marsh).
  • Analysis of progeny provided no evidence for out-crossing, supporting the hypothesis of predominant inbreeding in Salicornia.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear rDNA variation in Salicornia is strongly linked to the environmental gradient of tidal inundation, suggesting local adaptation.
  • The genetic differentiation patterns are complex and site-dependent, varying across different geographical locations.
  • The study provides the first direct genetic evidence for predominant inbreeding in Salicornia, overcoming limitations of previous breeding experiments.