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Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
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Increasing Altitude and the Optokinetic Cervical Reflex.

Matthew A Stewart, Sravan Pingali, David G Newman

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |April 20, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pilots exhibit a reduced optokinetic cervical reflex (OKCR) at high altitudes. This head tilt reflex, crucial for spatial orientation, is significantly smaller when flying above 15,000 ft compared to lower altitudes.

    Area of Science:

    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Human Factors Engineering
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • The optokinetic cervical reflex (OKCR) is a pilot's reflexive head tilt in response to aircraft banking, aiming to stabilize the horizon.
    • Visual cues and the surrounding environment change significantly with altitude, potentially impacting spatial orientation.
    • Limited research exists on how increasing altitude affects the OKCR.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of altitude on the optokinetic cervical reflex (OKCR) in pilots.
    • To test the hypothesis that higher altitudes decrease the OKCR due to altered visual cues.

    Main Methods:

    • 16 subjects participated in flight simulator sessions at two altitudes: below 1500 ft and above 15,000 ft.
    • Head tilt, aircraft altitude, and bank angle were recorded during simulated flights.

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  • Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • Aircraft bank consistently elicited head tilt in the opposite direction at both low and high altitudes.
    • A statistically significant reduction in head tilt (86% of bank angles) was observed at high altitude compared to low altitude.
    • The magnitude of head tilt was smaller at higher altitudes for equivalent bank angles.

    Conclusions:

    • The study demonstrates a discernible difference in the OKCR between low and high altitudes.
    • Pilots exhibit a diminished head tilt response at higher altitudes.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and consequences of this reduced reflex on pilot orientation.