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Related Concept Videos

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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Harnessing pluripotent stem cells as models to decipher human evolution.

Michael Dannemann1, Irene Gallego Romero1,2,3,4

  • 1Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.

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|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are revolutionizing human evolution research by providing new experimental models. This technology allows scientists to explore human uniqueness and our place among great apes like never before.

Keywords:
developmentgene expressionhuman evolutionstem cellstissue models

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human evolution studies historically lacked robust experimental models.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a transformative solution.
  • iPSCs are derived from accessible tissues and can differentiate into various cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of iPSCs on understanding human evolution.
  • To explore how iPSCs address previously intractable research questions.
  • To discuss the potential of iPSCs in studying human uniqueness and primate comparisons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing iPSCs derived from human and non-human primate tissues.
  • Differentiating iPSCs into specific cell types for experimental analysis.
  • Applying evolutionary frameworks to interpret iPSC-derived data.

Main Results:

  • iPSCs provide unprecedented experimental access to human evolutionary questions.
  • The technology facilitates ethical and logistical solutions for studying human origins.
  • iPSCs enable detailed investigation into the genetic basis of human traits.

Conclusions:

  • iPSCs are emerging as powerful models for human evolutionary research.
  • This field holds significant promise for understanding human uniqueness and our evolutionary history.
  • Future directions involve integrating iPSCs with evolutionary biology for deeper insights.