Infantile Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Pediatrics
• Pathology

Background:

• Infantile eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (I-EPF) is a rare neonatal skin condition.
• Characterized by pruritic vesicles and sterile pustules on erythematous scalp and facial skin.
• Diagnosis relies on identifying dense eosinophil infiltration in pustules and hair follicles.

Observation:

• A 5-month-old boy presented with pustules on his scalp, face, and neck.
• Lesions were 1-2 mm in diameter on an erythematous background.
• Initial laboratory tests revealed eosinophilia in the hemogram.

Findings:

• Bacterial and fungal cultures from pustules were negative.
• The patient's eosinophil count was significantly elevated upon admission (1.48 K/μl).
• Eosinophil count decreased to 0.02 K/μl after treatment, indicating therapeutic response.

Implications:

• This case highlights the diagnostic importance of eosinophil counts in infantile pustular dermatoses.
• Differential diagnosis for I-EPF includes other neonatal pustular conditions.
• Effective treatment strategies may involve topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and systemic agents.