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Guidelines for clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection
José L García-Álvarez1, José L García-Vigil1
1Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Abstract:
In SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), the most common manifestations involve the upper airways; in complicated cases, bilateral interstitial pneumonia, severe acute respiratory failure and multiple organ failure occur, which require hospital treatment and ventilatory support with nasal cannula or mask and high flow oxygen, or orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. There are no specific antivirals, and thus management is symptomatic, as well as with antiplatelet drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole), low molecular weight heparin when there is hypercoagulability (increased D-dimer), dexamethasone when inflammation indicators are elevated; experimentally, under informed consent, antibiotics are used according to microbiological results, as well as interferon beta 1b, favipiravir, tocilizumab, ivermectin and immunoglobulin G. When gastroenteritis occurs, nitazoxanide can be indicated.
Abstract:
En infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), las manifestaciones más comunes son las de vías aéreas superiores; en casos complicados se presenta neumonía intersticial bilateral, insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave y falla orgánica múltiple que ameritan tratamiento hospitalario y soporte ventilatorio por puntas nasales o mascarilla, así como oxígeno con flujo a presión alta o intubación orotraqueal y ventilación mecánica. No hay antivirales específicos por lo que el manejo es sintomático, así como con antiplaquetarios (ácido acetilsalicílico, dipiridamol), heparina de bajo peso molecular ante hipercoagulabilidad (dímero D aumentado), dexametasona ante indicadores altos de inflamación. Previo consentimiento informado, experimentalmente se emplean antibióticos según los resultados microbiológicos, interferón beta 1b, favipiravir, tocilizumab, ivermectina e inmunoglobulina G. Cuando se presenta gastroenteritis se puede indicar nitazoxanida.
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