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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
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The contralateral knee is a good predictor for determining normal knee stability: a cadaveric study.

Nele Arnout1,2, Matthias Verstraete3, Jan Victor3,4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Gent, Belgium. nelearnout@yahoo.com.

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Contralateral knee joint laxity shows symmetry in passive conditions, validating its use as a reference for surgical procedures. This study confirms the intact knee

Keywords:
KneeKnee laxitySide differenceStabilityTotal knee arthroplastyTotal knee replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Knee anatomy

Background:

  • Assessing knee joint laxity is crucial for diagnosing injuries and planning surgical interventions.
  • Contralateral limb symmetry is often assumed but requires empirical validation.
  • Standardized testing methods are needed to ensure reliable laxity measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate contralateral knee joint laxity and determine if symmetry exists.
  • To validate a novel knee laxity testing rig.
  • To establish normative data for passive knee laxity.

Main Methods:

  • Seven pairs of cadaveric knee specimens were tested.
  • Passive conditions with and without external loads were applied.
  • Varus/valgus, rotational, and shear forces were utilized to assess multidirectional laxity.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in varus/valgus, internal/external rotation, or anterior/posterior laxity were observed between contralateral knees.
  • The testing rig demonstrated reliability for measuring relative laxity.
  • A notable difference in anterior-posterior mobility between the medial and lateral compartments was found.

Conclusions:

  • Multidirectional laxity symmetry exists in intact knees under passive conditions.
  • The validated testing rig provides a reliable method for assessing knee laxity.
  • Contralateral knee laxity can serve as a valuable peri-operative reference for total knee replacement and ligament reconstruction.