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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Reverse exercises in a case of intractable diplopia.

Adam Budd1

  • 1Orthoptic Department, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport.

Strabismus
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adapted orthoptic exercises show potential for treating intractable diplopia. Tailoring visual therapy, even in challenging cases, can improve binocular single vision (BSV) and offer management options.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Orthoptics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Intractable diplopia presents a significant challenge in visual rehabilitation.
  • Standard treatments like surgery, Botulinum toxin (BT), prisms, and occlusion were ineffective for a 16-year-old male with residual esotropia.

Observation:

  • The patient achieved binocular single vision (BSV) only at 10 cm convergence.
  • Modified orthoptic exercises, including reverse dot cards and distance cat stereograms, were implemented to expand the BSV range.

Findings:

  • The adapted exercise program extended the patient's BSV range to 30 cm.
  • Despite initial progress, the patient discontinued therapy, opting for an occlusive contact lens due to perceived slow progress and desire to drive.

Implications:

Keywords:
Intractable diplopiabinocular single visionexercisesstrabismus

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  • This case highlights the potential of adapting standard orthoptic exercises for intractable diplopia.
  • Personalized visual therapy, focusing on expanding BSV, may offer a viable management strategy for complex visual disorders.
  • Further research into tailored orthoptic interventions is warranted.