The FOXO signaling axis displays conjoined functions in redox homeostasis and stemness
Ruthia Soh1, Ariana Hardy1, Nicole I Zur Nieden2
1Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA.
Abstract:
Previous views of reactive oxygen species (ROS) depicted them as harmful byproducts of metabolism as uncontrolled levels of ROS can lead to DNA damage and cell death. However, recent studies have shed light into the key role of ROS in the self-renewal or differentiation of the stem cell. The interplay between ROS levels, metabolism, and the downstream redox signaling pathways influence stem cell fate. In this review we will define ROS, explain how they are generated, and how ROS signaling can influence transcription factors, first and foremost forkhead box-O transcription factors, that shape not only the cellular redox state, but also stem cell fate. Now that studies have illustrated the importance of redox homeostasis and the role of redox signaling, understanding the mechanisms behind this interplay will further shed light into stem cell biology.
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