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Functional traits shape small mammal-helminth network: patterns and processes in species interactions.

Thiago Dos Santos Cardoso1,2, Cecilia Siliansky de Andreazzi1, Arnaldo Maldonado Junior1

  • 1Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Parasitology
|April 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Species traits like diet and infection site significantly influence host-parasite interactions and network structure in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. These factors determine species roles within ecological networks.

Keywords:
Abundancecentralityfunctional ecologymarsupialsnematodesnetwork analysisneutral theoryniche theoryparasitismrodents

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Network analysis

Background:

  • Understanding species traits is crucial for mediating ecological interactions and community structure.
  • Parasite population parameters quantify the functional importance of traits in host-parasite networks.
  • The Brazilian Atlantic Forest harbors a complex small mammal-helminth community.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the small mammal-helminth network in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
  • To investigate how functional traits and abundance influence host-parasite interactions and species roles.
  • To assess the consistency of these relationships across different parasite population parameters (presence/absence, mean abundance, prevalence).

Main Methods:

  • Survey and analysis of the small mammal-helminth network.
  • Evaluation of functional traits: parasite life cycle, infection site, body length, host diet, locomotor habit, activity period, and abundance.
  • Network analysis to determine species roles (centrality and vulnerability) and network structure.

Main Results:

  • The host-parasite networks were modular and structurally consistent across population parameters.
  • Functional traits and abundance significantly shaped host-parasite interactions.
  • Host abundance, diet, and locomotor habit influenced host centrality and vulnerability.
  • For helminths, the infection niche was the primary trait defining their central roles.

Conclusions:

  • Species traits and abundance are key drivers of host-parasite interactions and network structure.
  • Host traits like diet and locomotion, and parasite traits like infection niche, determine species roles.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering functional traits in ecological network research.