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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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A Review of Topical Povidone-iodine to Decrease Viral Load of COViD-19.

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The Senior Care Pharmacist
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Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) mouthwash shows in vitro efficacy against coronaviruses. Clinical trials are ongoing to confirm if topical PVP-I reduces COVID-19 transmission in patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Topical povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is explored for COVID-19 prevention.
  • Historically used for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) to reduce viral and bacterial load.
  • Previous studies show PVP-I efficacy against other coronaviruses and URTIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of topical PVP-I as a preventive measure against COVID-19 transmission.
  • To review existing evidence on PVP-I's efficacy in reducing viral load in the oropharynx.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro studies on PVP-I against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
  • Analysis of a study demonstrating PVP-I efficacy in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in vitro.
  • Consideration of ongoing clinical trials investigating topical PVP-I for COVID-19 patients.

Main Results:

  • In vitro studies show 0.23% PVP-I rendered coronaviruses undetectable within 30 seconds.
  • Concentrations of 0.45%-10% PVP-I also proved effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in vitro.
  • Clinical trials are underway to assess in vivo efficacy in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • Topical PVP-I demonstrates in vitro effectiveness against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
  • Further clinical trial data is necessary to confirm in vivo efficacy and recommend its use for COVID-19 prevention.
  • Awaiting clinical trial results is advised before widespread adoption of PVP-I for COVID-19.