Reliability of Imageless Computer-Assisted Navigation for Femoral Rotational Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the femoral component rotation on intra-operative data recorded in a computer-assisted navigation system (CAN-FRA) compared with the post-operative femoral component rotation observed on computed tomography (CT-FRA).

Computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or primary osteoarthritis of the knee was performed in 51 knees in 36 patients with a mean age of 69.51 years. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon using the same implant design. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare the intra-operative CAN-FRA with the post-operative CT-FRA. The angle between the anatomical epicondylar axis and the posterior condylar axis of the implant (CT-FRA) was measured at two separate timepoints by three observers who were blinded to the intra-operative CAN-FRA. Internal rotation was defined as rotation in the negative direction, while external rotation was defined as positive.

The mean intra-operative CAN-FRA was 0.1° ± 2.8° (range -5.0° to 5.5°). The mean post-operative CT-FRA was -1.3° ± 2.1° (range -4.6° to 4.4°). The mean difference between the CAN-FRA and the CT-FRA was -1.3° ± 2.2° (range -7.9° to 2.4°). The respective ICC values for the three observers were 0.92, 0.94, and 0.93, while the respective intra-observer coefficients were 0.91, 0.85, and 0.90. The ICC for the intra-operative CAN-FRA versus the post-operative CT-FRA was 0.71.

This study shows that using a computer-assisted navigation system in TKA achieves reliable results and helps to achieve optimal positioning of the femoral component and rotation alignment correction.