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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
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Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
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Electrocardiographic Imaging of Repolarization Abnormalities.

Laura R Bear1,2,3, Matthijs Cluitmans4, Emma Abell1,2,3

  • 1IHU-LIRYCFondation Bordeaux Université Pessac France.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|April 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) accurately detects repolarization abnormalities, crucial for understanding arrhythmias. This noninvasive method quantifies critical repolarization parameters, aiding patient diagnosis and risk stratification.

Keywords:
ECGelectrocardiographic imagingelectrocardiographyelectrophysiology mappingrepolarization

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Repolarization dispersion and gradients are linked to life-threatening arrhythmias.
  • Precise quantification of these repolarization abnormalities is challenging with surface electrocardiography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) for noninvasive detection of repolarization abnormalities.
  • To assess ECGI's capability in mapping and quantifying repolarization heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ex vivo (Langendorff-perfused pig and human hearts) and in vivo (anesthetized pigs) models.
  • Recorded unipolar electrograms from epicardial socks and torso tanks.
  • Introduced regional repolarization heterogeneities using specific pharmacological agents and ventricular pacing.

Main Results:

  • ECGI accurately reconstructed T-wave electrogram morphologies and repolarization time maps, showing high correlation coefficients (0.85 ex vivo, 0.86 in vivo for morphology; 0.73 ex vivo, 0.76 in vivo for maps).
  • ECGI-reconstructed repolarization time distributions strongly correlated with measured values (R² ≥ 0.92).
  • Gradient parameters (mean, max, SD) derived from ECGI were highly correlated with recorded values (R²=0.87, 0.75, 0.86 respectively), with minimal positional shift.

Conclusions:

  • ECGI reliably and accurately maps critical repolarization abnormalities.
  • This noninvasive technique enables imaging and quantification of abnormal repolarization substrates.
  • ECGI holds potential for improving diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with arrhythmogenesis.