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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview

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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Hot Biological Catalysis: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to Characterize Enzymatic Reactions

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Published on: April 4, 2014

Single-Site vs. Cluster Catalysis in High Temperature Oxidations.

Pedro Serna¹, Aida Rodríguez-Fernández², Sara Yacob¹

¹ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co., Corporate Strategic Research, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|April 21, 2021

Summary

Single platinum atoms and small platinum clusters exhibit distinct behaviors in high-temperature oxidations. Cluster size significantly impacts oxygen activation and stability, influencing catalytic performance in alkane and CO oxidation reactions.

Keywords:

metal clusters oxidation catalysts single sites structure-activity relationship zeolites

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Understanding the role of platinum (Pt) atom and cluster size is crucial for designing efficient oxidation catalysts.
High-temperature oxidation processes involve complex surface reactions including oxygen dissociation and C-H bond activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distinct behaviors of single Pt atoms and small Pt clusters during high-temperature oxidations.
To elucidate the structure-performance relationships in Pt-catalyzed oxidation reactions.

Main Methods:

Experimental investigation of single Pt atoms and small Pt clusters under high-temperature oxidation conditions.
Analysis of gas/metal/support interactions influencing catalytic activity.

Main Results:

Single Pt atoms and large Pt clusters (>1 nm) are ineffective for O2 activation at moderate temperatures (200°C).
Smaller Pt clusters (<1 nm) catalytically activate O2 but are prone to oxidative fragmentation.
Stable single Pt atoms are key for high-temperature alkane oxidation, with C-H cleavage being rate-determining.
CO combustion catalysis is predominantly driven by Pt clusters, not single atoms.

Conclusions:

The catalytic performance in oxidation reactions is highly sensitive to the atomic structure and size of platinum species.
Distinct mechanisms govern O2 activation, alkane oxidation, and CO combustion, with varying Pt nuclearity requirements.