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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

398
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
398
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

46
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
46
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

59
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
59
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

71
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
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Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology

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The Astrogenic Balance in the Aging Brain.

Fotis Andromidas1, Saeid Atashpanjeh1, Abigail J Myers1

  • 1Neuroscience Program, Biology Department, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, United States.

Current Neuropharmacology
|April 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases show an inverse correlation, potentially linked to astrocyte cell cycle regulation. Dysfunctional astrocytes may drive both tumorigenesis and cognitive decline in aging.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseAstrocyteastrocytomadementia.glioblastomagliomaneurodegenerative disease

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • An inverse correlation exists between cancer and neurodegenerative disease incidence with aging.
  • Shared gene expression patterns, including four common transcription factors, are observed in both disease types.
  • Astrocytes play critical roles in brain function, tumor formation, and neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of astrocytes and their cell cycle regulation in the inverse correlation between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To discuss the astrocytic roles of key transcription factors implicated in this imbalance.
  • To investigate potential therapeutic strategies targeting astrocyte expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on astrocyte biology, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns in relation to disease incidence.
  • Discussion of astrogenesis and astrocyte cell cycle control.

Main Results:

  • Astrocytoma and glioblastoma arise from different astrocyte populations, with incidence increasing in older adults.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with decreased astrocyte density and increased senescence.
  • Astrocyte cell cycle dysregulation is hypothesized to underlie both tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Imbalances in astrocyte cell cycle regulation, driven by specific transcription factors, may explain the inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • Controlled astrocytic proliferation is crucial for maintaining neurological function.
  • Therapeutic modulation of astrocyte transcription factor expression offers a potential avenue for treatment.