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Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

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A high-conductivity n-type polymeric ink for printed electronics.

Chi-Yuan Yang¹, Marc-Antoine Stoeckel¹, Tero-Petri Ruoko¹

¹Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.

Nature Communications

|April 22, 2021

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new ethanol-based conductive ink, poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline):poly(ethyleneimine) (BBL:PEI), providing a stable n-type material for advanced organic electronics and bioelectronics.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Conducting polymers are crucial for opto- and bio-electronics.
Stable, processable n-doped conducting polymers are needed but currently lacking.
Existing n-type materials do not match the performance of benchmark p-type PEDOT:PSS.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a stable and processable n-type conducting polymer ink.
To address the need for n-type materials in organic electronics.
To create a new material for next-generation bioelectronics and wearable devices.

Main Methods:

Development of poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline):poly(ethyleneimine) (BBL:PEI) ink.
Formulation of an ethanol-based conductive ink.

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Last Updated: Nov 8, 2025

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Published on: December 9, 2011

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Characterization of BBL:PEI thin films for electrical conductivity and stability.

Main Results:

Achieved n-type electrical conductivity of 8 S cm⁻¹ in BBL:PEI thin films.
Demonstrated excellent thermal, ambient, and solvent stability.
Fabricated high-performance organic thermoelectric generators and n-type organic electrochemical transistors.

Conclusions:

BBL:PEI serves as a printable n-type mixed ion-electron conductor.
This material enables high-performance organic electronic devices with improved power output and novel operational modes.
BBL:PEI inks offer significant potential for next-generation bioelectronics and wearable applications.