Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 8, 2025

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Concise catalytic asymmetric synthesis of (R)-4-amino Uhle's ketone
Francesca Bartoccini1, Alessio Regni, Michele Retini
1Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy. giovanni.piersanti@uniurb.it.
Abstract:
A practical and asymmetric synthesis of (R)-4-amino-5-oxo-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenz[cd]indole, an enantiopure framework shared by most ergot alkaloids, was accomplished. Our method involves a Rh(i)-catalyzed 6-exo-trig intramolecular cyclization of an appropriate 4-pinacolboronic ester d-tryptophan aldehyde followed by the oxidation of the resulting secondary benzylic alcohol with a Cu(i)-ABNO catalyst and final deprotection under acidic conditions. This new procedure offers significant advantages over previous synthetic approaches, including brevity, mild reaction conditions, preservation of chiral integrity, and high overall yield and avoids the use of stoichiometric amounts of strongly basic and pyrophoric organometallic reagents.
Related Concept Videos
α-Alkylation of Ketones via Enolate Ions
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation
Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic halogen to form a...
Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction
α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview

