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Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

388
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
388

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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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White matter microstructural changes in short-term learning of a continuous visuomotor sequence.

Stéfanie A Tremblay1,2, Anna-Thekla Jäger3,4, Julia Huck1

  • 1Department of Physics/PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Brain Structure & Function
|April 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

White matter (WM) shows dynamic plasticity during motor sequence learning. Structural changes in WM occur early in learning and are linked to functional connectivity shifts in the sensorimotor network.

Keywords:
DTIDWIFractional anisotropy (FA)Motor sequence learningPlasticityWhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Motor Learning

Background:

  • White matter (WM) plasticity, involving axons and myelin, is increasingly recognized beyond long-term learning.
  • Motor sequence learning (MSL) involves distinct stages and neural circuits, but short-term WM plasticity dynamics are understudied.
  • Previous studies often use pre-post designs, limiting assessment of temporal changes during learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate short-term white matter (WM) plasticity during motor sequence learning (MSL) using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • To assess the temporal dynamics of WM microstructural changes across different learning stages.
  • To explore the relationship between WM structural changes and functional connectivity in the sensorimotor network.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 7 Tesla (7T) MRI for multiple scans over five days in participants learning a complex visuomotor sequence (LRN) and a control group (SMP).
  • Analyzed white matter (WM) microstructure changes in relation to behavioral performance across learning phases.
  • Assessed functional connectivity using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and region of interest (ROI) analyses.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral improvements in the LRN group were most prominent in the early learning phase (days 1-2).
  • Significant WM microstructural changes were observed in the early learning phase (d1-d2) and across the entire learning period (d1-d5) in the LRN group.
  • WM alterations were detected in tracts associated with the primary motor and sensorimotor cortices, and specifically in a region underlying the right supplementary motor area.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrates highly dynamic white matter (WM) plasticity within the sensorimotor network during short-term motor sequence learning.
  • Highlights the importance of early learning phases for observable WM structural modifications.
  • Establishes a link between structural WM plasticity and functional connectivity changes during motor skill acquisition.