Realization of Electron Antidoping by Modulating the Breathing Distortion in BaBiO₃

The recent proposal of antidoping scheme breaks new ground in conceiving conversely functional materials and devices; yet, the few available examples belong to the correlated electron systems. Here, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the main group oxide BaBiO₃ is a model system for antidoping using oxygen vacancies. The first-principles calculations show that the band gap systematically increases due to the strongly enhanced Bi-O breathing distortions away from the vacancies and the annihilation of Bi 6s/O 2p hybridized conduction bands near the vacancies. Our further spectroscopic experiments confirm that the band gap increases systematically with electron doping, with a maximal gap enhancement of ∼75% when the film's stoichiometry is reduced to BaBiO_2.75. These results unambiguously demonstrate the remarkable antidoping effect in a material without strong electron correlations and underscores the importance of bond disproportionation in realizing such an effect.