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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Oceanography
  • Ecosystem Modeling

Background:

  • Ocean acidification (OA) poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems globally.
  • Ecosystem-wide responses to OA are not fully understood.
  • Kelp forests are vital temperate coastal ecosystems sensitive to environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on a kelp forest ecosystem.
  • To investigate how specific OA forcing mechanisms interact.
  • To predict ecosystem responses to a 0.5 pH unit drop over 50 years.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated field and experimental data into a mass balance food web model.
  • Simulated a 0.5 pH unit drop in a kelp forest ecosystem model.
  • Analyzed impacts of OA on growth, mortality, and predation interactions.

Main Results:

  • Carbonate mineralizers (coralline algae, mollusks, crustaceans) decreased in biomass.
  • Macroalgae, urchins, and some fish species increased in biomass.
  • Combined OA forcing led to initial biomass increases, followed by a decrease in commercial biomass and reduced biodiversity.

Conclusions:

  • Kelp forest communities can maintain high productivity under OA but with altered structure.
  • OA drives a shift towards lower trophic level dominance and reduced biodiversity.
  • Ecosystem-level effects of OA are complex and can be nonlinear.