Technological competitiveness and emerging technologies in industry 4.0 and industry 5.0

Area of Science:

• Business and Management
• Economics
• Technology Studies

Background:

• Technological competitiveness and emerging technologies are vital for organizational strategy and national economic improvement.
• Industry 4.0 and 5.0 represent new industrial revolutions shaped by innovation, computational developments, and smart devices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To holistically analyze technological competitiveness and emerging technologies in Industry 4.0 and 5.0.
• To identify key elements differentiating developed and emerging economies in technological advancement.

Main Methods:

• Bibliometric analysis using Biblioshiny.
• Systematic literature review.
• Content analysis.

Main Results:

• Developed economies: emphasize personnel competences, engineering skills, R&D+i, supply chain management, and technologies like IoT and Big Data.
• Emerging economies: highlight training, education, skills, sustainability, organizational structure, and technologies such as IoT and digitalization.

Conclusions:

• Technological competitiveness strategies must be tailored to economic context, focusing on different key elements for developed versus emerging economies.
• Investment in human capital, R&D, and strategic adoption of emerging technologies are critical for enhancing national economic competitiveness.