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Microstructure-Dependent K+ Storage in Porous Hard Carbon
Weize Li1, Rui Zhang1, Zhen Chen1,2,3
1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 22, 2021
Summary
Porous hard carbons exhibit dual potassium ion storage mechanisms, adsorption and intercalation, crucial for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. Optimizing micropores and mesopores enhances capacity and stability.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Hard carbons (HCs) are promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to cost-effectiveness and favorable properties.
- The precise K+ storage mechanisms and critical structural factors in HCs remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the fundamental K+ storage mechanisms in hard carbons.
- To investigate the influence of micro/mesopore structures on potassium storage behavior.
- To optimize HC structure for enhanced performance in PIBs.
Main Methods:
- Template-assisted spray pyrolysis for synthesizing porous hard carbons (p-HCs).
- In situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for mechanistic studies.
- Electrochemical performance testing of activated carbon//p-HCs potassium ion hybrid capacitors.
Main Results:
- Identified two distinct K+ storage mechanisms: adsorption (high potential) and intercalation (low potential).
- Demonstrated that micropores serve as active sites and buffer volume expansion, enhancing capacity and stability.
- Showcased that mesopores facilitate ion diffusion and electrolyte infiltration, improving transport kinetics.
- Achieved a high energy density of 74.5 Wh kg-1 at 184.4 W kg-1 in activated carbon//p-HCs hybrid capacitors.
Conclusions:
- The pore structure of hard carbons critically dictates K+ storage mechanisms and electrochemical performance.
- Micropore and mesopore engineering in HCs is essential for developing high-performance potassium-ion batteries and hybrid capacitors.
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