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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

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Interfacing Biomaterials with Synthetic T Cell Immunity.

Fang-Yi Su1, Quoc D Mac1, Anirudh Sivakumar1

  • 1The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|April 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Engineered biomaterials are advancing cancer immunotherapy by improving T cell therapies. These innovations focus on low-cost manufacturing, noninvasive diagnostics, and in vivo control to enhance anti-tumor immunity and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
adoptive T cell therapycancer immunotherapycell manufacturingimmune biomarkersimmunoengineeringremote controlsynthetic immunity

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Preparation of Bead-supported Lipid Bilayers to Study the Particulate Output of T Cell Immune Synapses
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science and Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy, particularly T cell-based therapies, shows significant clinical success but faces challenges in response rates, safety, and cost.
  • Biomaterials are emerging as crucial tools to modulate the immune system and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments.
  • Engineered T cell therapies offer potential cures for certain cancer patients but require further development for broader application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advances in biomaterials research aimed at overcoming challenges in T cell immunotherapy.
  • To provide an overview of strategies for low-cost cell manufacturing, noninvasive diagnostics, and in vivo control of anti-tumor responses.
  • To explore how engineered biomaterials can interface with synthetic immunity to enhance cancer treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent strategies in biomaterials research focused on three key areas: cell manufacturing, diagnostics, and in vivo control.
  • Analysis of how biomaterials can be engineered to interact with the molecular and cellular components of the immune system.
  • Exploration of approaches to improve T cell therapy by addressing manufacturing costs, monitoring, and in vivo immune response modulation.

Main Results:

  • Biomaterials research is yielding strategies for low-cost manufacturing of T cells, potentially increasing patient access to immunotherapy.
  • Development of noninvasive diagnostic tools allows for predictive monitoring of immune responses during cancer treatment.
  • In vivo control strategies using biomaterials are being investigated to enhance the body's natural anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered biomaterials are pivotal in addressing current limitations of T cell immunotherapy, including cost, safety, and efficacy.
  • These biomaterials offer a promising avenue for developing next-generation cancer therapies by interfacing with synthetic immunity.
  • Continued research in biomaterials is essential for expanding the clinical utility and improving outcomes for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.