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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Targeting neural oscillations with transcranial alternating current stimulation.

Justin Riddle1, Flavio Frohlich2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.

Brain Research
|April 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) optimizes targeting for studying brain oscillations. Customizable tACS offers a promising tool for precision psychiatric interventions.

Keywords:
Aperiodic signalCurrent densityElectric fieldPeak frequencyPhase-amplitude couplingWaveform shapeWeighted phase lag index

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Neural oscillations synchronize brain activity across regions and timescales.
  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a tool to investigate the causal role of neural oscillations in cognition.
  • Optimizing tACS requires careful consideration of temporal and spatial targeting parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging techniques for tACS.
  • To suggest novel approaches for tACS optimization.
  • To highlight tACS as a tool for precision intervention in psychiatric illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing tACS techniques.
  • Exploration of novel approaches leveraging non-sinusoidal and transient neural oscillations.
  • Utilizing customizable electrode montages and electrical waveforms.

Main Results:

  • Emerging techniques offer improved temporal and spatial targeting for tACS.
  • Novel approaches can capitalize on the complex nature of neural oscillations.
  • Customizable tACS parameters enhance its application in research and clinical settings.

Conclusions:

  • tACS is a flexible tool for investigating neural oscillations.
  • Optimized tACS, particularly with customizable parameters, holds promise for precision neuromodulation.
  • The safety and customizability of tACS support its potential for psychiatric interventions.