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Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
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Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

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The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

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α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Alternating work posture improves postprandial glucose response without reducing computer task performance in the

Shohei Dobashi1, Saito Kawaguchi2, Daisuke Ando3

  • 1Institute of Health and Sports & Medicine, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan; Graduate School Department of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan.

Physiology & Behavior
|April 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Alternating between sitting and standing at work reduces blood sugar spikes after meals without impacting computer task performance. This posture change offers a healthier alternative to prolonged sitting or standing.

Keywords:
Computer subtraction taskHyperglycemiaPost-lunch time

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Human Physiology
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Prolonged sitting is linked to cardiovascular risks like postprandial hyperglycemia.
  • Sustained standing can lead to musculoskeletal issues and reduced work efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if alternating between sitting and standing improves postprandial glucose response.
  • To assess the impact of posture variation on computer task performance.

Main Methods:

  • Nine healthy males performed computer tasks under three conditions: constant sitting, sit-stand alternation, and stand-sit alternation.
  • Blood glucose levels were monitored for 118 minutes post-lunch.
  • Task performance was measured by achievements and accuracy.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in task performance (achievements, accuracy) were found across conditions.
  • Alternating postures (sit-stand and stand-sit) significantly reduced the total area under the curve for blood glucose compared to constant sitting.
  • No significant difference in glucose response was observed between the two alternating posture conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Alternating between sitting and standing postures effectively attenuates postprandial blood glucose accumulation.
  • This posture variation does not compromise computer task performance.
  • The order of switching between sitting and standing does not affect the observed benefits.