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A different perspective on the forensic science crisis.

Céline Weyermann1, Claude Roux2

  • 1Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forensic science faces challenges like error and fragmentation. Comparing it to material science, medicine, and historical science reveals a focus on the "trace" and suggests prioritizing early-stage crime scene investigation for a holistic approach.

Keywords:
ClueContextIntelligenceInvestigationReasoningRisksTrace

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Material Science
  • Medicine
  • Historical Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The field of forensic science has been marked by discussions on a "crisis" for over 15 years, addressing issues such as backlogs, error risks, contextualization, and fragmentation.
  • Previous solutions to specific problems have often introduced new challenges in other areas of the forensic process.
  • The interdisciplinary nature of forensic science necessitates a comparative approach to established scientific disciplines to identify core principles and potential improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the perceived crisis in forensic science by drawing parallels with material science, medicine, and historical science.
  • To propose a more holistic approach to forensic science by emphasizing the central role of the 'trace'.
  • To suggest improvements in reasoning and process management within forensic investigations, including prioritizing early-stage crime scene investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of forensic science with material science, medicine, and historical science.
  • Examination of the concept of the 'trace' as a unifying element across different scientific disciplines.
  • Exploration of reasoning methods such as retrodiction (abduction) for reconstructing past events from present evidence.

Main Results:

  • The 'trace' is identified as a common, fundamental element across forensic science endeavors, regardless of organizational or legal models.
  • Forensic science shares risks with medicine, shifting from initial detection/hypothesis formulation to the potential for erroneous hypothesis testing/diagnosis.
  • Analogies with epidemiology highlight forensic science's role in crime prevention through 'forensic intelligence', and with historical science, the need for reasoning beyond single pieces of evidence.

Conclusions:

  • A greater focus on the 'trace' can foster a more holistic approach in forensic science.
  • Prioritizing early stages of the investigative process, particularly crime scene investigation, is crucial for the success of subsequent stages.
  • Adopting alternative reasoning approaches like retrodiction and enhancing collaborative applications in security issues can improve forensic science outcomes.