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A digital light processing 3D printed magnetic bioreactor system using silk magnetic bioink.

Olatunji Ajiteru¹, Kyu Young Choi², Tae Hyeon Lim¹

¹Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.

|April 22, 2021

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A novel 3D-printed magnetic bioreactor and hydrogel system effectively promotes myoblast differentiation. This system uses non-invasive mechanical forces for muscle tissue engineering applications.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Magnetic bioreactors offer controlled cellular force application in tissue engineering.
Existing magnetic bioreactors often face challenges in fabrication, consistency, and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel, easily fabricated magnetic bioreactor system and magnetic hydrogel for myoblast differentiation.
To investigate the effects of magneto-mechanical stimulation on myoblast behavior in a 3D environment.

Main Methods:

A single-stage 3D-printed magnetic hydrogel (iron oxide, silk fibroin, gelatin methacrylate) and bioreactor system using digital light processing (DLP).
Encapsulation of mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) within the hydrogel.
Application of magneto-mechanical stimulation via the bioreactor.

Keywords:

3D printing bioreactors fibroins hydrogels iron oxide myoblasts silk

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Assessment of cell viability and gene expression (quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction).

Main Results:

The DLP technique enabled simple and consistent fabrication of the magnetic bioreactor and hydrogel.
Magneto-mechanical stimulation significantly accelerated myoblast differentiation compared to the control group.
Increased myotube diameter and length were observed *in vitro*.
The biocomposite hydrogel demonstrated no cytotoxicity, with FDA-approved components.

Conclusions:

The developed DLP-printed magnetic bioreactor and hydrogel system is a user-friendly and effective platform for muscle tissue engineering.
Non-invasive, 3D mechanical stimulation promotes myoblast differentiation, showing potential for regenerative medicine applications.