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Related Concept Videos

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica
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Widespread lateral gene transfer among grasses.

Samuel G S Hibdige1, Pauline Raimondeau1, Pascal-Antoine Christin1

  • 1Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.

The New Phytologist
|April 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is common in grasses, moving functional genes between species. Rhizomatous growth and genetic compatibility enhance gene acquisition, impacting both wild and domesticated grasses.

Keywords:
Poaceaeadaptationevolutiongenomicshorizontal gene transferphylogenomics

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Lateral gene transfer (LGT) facilitates adaptation in various organisms.
  • Functional nuclear gene LGT has been observed in plants, but its frequency and drivers require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and quantify grass-to-grass protein-coding LGT.
  • To explore factors influencing the frequency and success of LGT in grasses.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of 17 diverse grass species spanning over 50 million years of divergence.
  • Identification of horizontally transferred protein-coding genes within the grass family.

Main Results:

  • LGT was detected in 13 out of 17 grass species, with varying amounts of acquired genes.
  • Rhizomatous species acquired significantly more genes, suggesting increased germline transfer opportunities.
  • Gene acquisition correlated with phylogenetic relatedness, indicating genomic compatibility, but transfers also occurred between divergent species.

Conclusions:

  • LGT is a widespread phenomenon in grasses, transferring functional genes across the family.
  • Both ecological opportunities (e.g., rhizomatous growth) and genetic compatibility influence LGT success.
  • LGT impacts both wild and domesticated grass species.