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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Development of a Rabbit Chronic-Like Rotator Cuff Injury Model for Study of Fibrosis and Muscular Fatty Degeneration
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Atrophy patterns in isolated subscapularis lesions.

Gernot Seppel1,2, Andreas Voss3,4, Daniel J H Henderson5

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. seppel@tum.de.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|April 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to assess subscapularis muscle atrophy after tendon repair using the cross-sectional area (CSA) ratio. The findings reveal a significantly lower CSA ratio in patients, enabling a reliable classification of atrophy severity.

Keywords:
Isolated subscapularis atrophyRotator cuffRotator cuff atrophySubscapularis atrophySubscapularis repair

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging

Background:

  • Existing methods for supraspinatus atrophy lack characterization for isolated subscapularis muscle atrophy.
  • Subscapularis (SSC) muscle atrophy patterns following isolated SSC tendon repair require detailed description.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe patterns of subscapularis muscle atrophy after isolated SSC tendon repair.
  • To establish a reliable and reproducible method for quantifying subscapularis atrophy using MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed MRI scans from 49 controls and 11 patients with isolated SSC tears.
  • Measured subscapularis cross-sectional area (CSA) and calculated the ratio of the upper half CSA to total CSA.
  • Defined bony landmarks for accurate CSA measurement and assessed inter-rater reliability.

Main Results:

  • Control group mean CSA ratio was 0.446 (±0.046).
  • Subscapularis repair group showed a significantly lower mean CSA ratio of 0.269 (±0.065) (p < 0.05).
  • The CSA ratio demonstrated reliability and reproducibility in quantifying atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • The subscapularis muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) ratio is a reliable tool for quantifying atrophy.
  • Proposed a classification for subscapularis atrophy: Stage I (<0.4), Stage II (<0.35), and Stage III (<0.3).
  • This classification aids in assessing the severity of subscapularis muscle atrophy post-repair.