Multi-Omics Analysis of Brain Metastasis Outcomes Following Craniotomy.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Genomics

Background:

• Brain metastasis incidence is rising due to improved solid tumor therapies.
• Brain metastasis presence correlates with poor prognosis, but specific biomarkers for CNS death risk are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify distinct prognostic subtypes and biomarkers in brain metastasis.
• To investigate the molecular underpinnings of differential prognosis in brain metastasis.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of brain metastasis samples from lung, breast, and other primary tumors.
• RNA sequencing, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed.
• Transcriptomic data and non-negative matrix factorization identified novel prognostic subtypes.

Main Results:

• Two molecular subtypes with statistically significant differential prognosis were discovered, irrespective of primary tumor type.
• Median survival times were 7.89 months (poor prognosis) and 42.27 months (good prognosis).
• Integrated multi-omics analysis implicated immune microenvironment and proliferation/migration pathways in survival differences.

Conclusions:

• A multi-omics approach can identify clinically impactful biomarkers and prognostic subtypes for brain metastasis.
• This study provides an integrated understanding of brain metastasis biology and prognosis.