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Related Concept Videos

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

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Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Highly efficient and stable ionic liquid-based gel electrolytes.

Pin Ma1, Yanyan Fang, Ang Li

  • 1International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. yumeng.shi@szu.edu.cn.

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This study introduces novel gel electrolytes using carboxylic acid-modified silica nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These electrolytes enhance ionic conductivity and improve device efficiency, overcoming a key limitation in gel electrolyte applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Gel electrolytes are crucial for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) but often suffer from low ionic conductivity.
  • This trade-off between stability and conductivity hinders the practical application of gel electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop high-conductivity gel electrolytes for DSSCs using a new design strategy.
  • To address the limitations of current gel electrolytes by enhancing ionic conductivity and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized and utilized carboxylic acid-modified silica nanoparticles (COOH-SiO2) with a branched framework.
  • Incorporated COOH-SiO2 into ionic liquid-based electrolytes to form gel electrolytes.
  • Fabricated DSSCs using the developed gel electrolytes and evaluated their performance.

Main Results:

  • The branched COOH-SiO2 framework effectively solidified ionic liquids, creating stable gels with high ionic conductivity.
  • Addition of COOH-SiO2 improved salt dissociation, reduced activation energy, and enhanced charge transport.
  • DSSCs with COOH-SiO2 nanoparticles showed increased short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc).
  • A maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.02% and a Jsc of 16.60 mA cm-2 were achieved with 6 wt% COOH-SiO2.

Conclusions:

  • The developed COOH-SiO2 based gel electrolytes offer a promising solution for high-performance DSSCs.
  • This strategy effectively balances gel stability and ionic conductivity, paving the way for practical applications.
  • The enhanced charge transport and recombination characteristics contribute to improved DSSC performance.