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Swellable catheters based on a dynamic expanding inner diameter.

Rishabh Tennankore1, Margaret Brunette2, Tyler Cox3

  • 1Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|April 23, 2021
PubMed
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This study introduces novel hydrogel catheters that expand in diameter when hydrated, addressing challenges in IV placement. These functional catheters offer a promising solution for improved medical fluid delivery and medication administration.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Intravenous (IV) access is crucial for patient care, but placement can be challenging due to patient factors and catheter size.
  • Current IV catheters have limitations, especially smaller ones, necessitating solutions for improved functionality and ease of placement.
  • Functionally responsive catheters that adapt their size are an innovative approach to overcome these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate tubular-shaped hydrogels as potential functional catheters with an expanding inner diameter.
  • To investigate the swelling behavior and kinetics of polyacrylamide (PAM) and PEGDA copolymer hydrogels for catheter applications.
  • To identify key design parameters for hydrogel-based medical devices with dynamic dimensional changes.

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Main Methods:

  • Synthesized cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) homopolymers (10-40% w/w) and copolymers with Poly-(Ethylene Glycol)-Diacrylate (PEGDA, 0-8% w/w).
  • Investigated water transport mechanisms (Fickian diffusion, anomalous, Case II transport) and swelling kinetics under varying conditions.
  • Analyzed changes in inner and outer diameters of the hydrogel tubes during submerged swelling over time.

Main Results:

  • PAM gels exhibited concentration-dependent Fickian diffusion, with lower concentrations showing anomalous transport.
  • Increasing PEGDA content initially led to rapid water uptake via Case II transport.
  • Hydrogel tubes initially reduced inner diameter by up to 70% but achieved a net >100% increase at equilibrium, with swelling dependent on polymer concentration and hydrophilicity.

Conclusions:

  • Tubular hydrogels demonstrate proof of concept as functionally responsive catheters with expanding inner diameters.
  • Swelling kinetics and equilibrium swelling are influenced by polymer composition, network structure, and environmental conditions.
  • This research provides critical insights for designing advanced hydrogel-based medical devices for improved patient care.