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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Investigating Flagella-Driven Motility in Escherichia coli by Applying Three Established Techniques in a Series
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Programmed Flagellar Ejection in Caulobacter crescentus Leaves PL-subcomplexes.

Mohammed Kaplan1, Yuhang Wang1, Georges Chreifi1

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|April 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial flagellar ejection in Caulobacter crescentus leaves behind relic structures, similar to those seen in starvation-induced flagellar loss. This finding suggests a shared evolutionary origin for these two flagellar disassembly processes.

Keywords:
PL-subcomplexesbacterial flagellar motordisassemblyelectron cryo-tomographyflagellar ejection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Bacterial flagella are essential for motility but their disassembly is poorly understood.
  • Programmed flagellar ejection occurs in Caulobacter crescentus, and flagella are lost under starvation in other bacteria, leaving relics.
  • It was unknown if C. crescentus flagellar ejection also leaves relics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether programmed flagellar ejection in C. crescentus results in flagellar relics.
  • To compare these relics with those from starvation-induced flagellar loss.

Main Methods:

  • Electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) was used to image C. crescentus at various life cycle stages.

Main Results:

  • Flagellar relic subcomplexes were observed after programmed flagellar ejection in C. crescentus.
  • These relics are similar to those found after starvation-induced flagellar loss.

Conclusions:

  • Programmed flagellar ejection in C. crescentus produces flagellar relics.
  • This similarity suggests a common evolutionary origin between programmed flagellar ejection and starvation-induced flagellar loss.