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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment
Published on: February 23, 2024
Arief Johanes1, Retno Widayati2, Nurtami Soedarsono3
1Department of Orthodontic, University of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Passive self-ligating (PSL) and pre-adjusted edgewise (PE) brackets cause pain and increase calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during orthodontic tooth movement. The PE group reported higher pain and CGRP levels than the PSL group.
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