Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

732
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
732
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

459
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
459
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

919
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
919
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

112
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
112

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pre-adult attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder and later adverse health outcomes: the 1987 Finnish birth cohort study.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Protein epigenetic scores derived in neonatal saliva as biomarkers of childhood cognition.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Mortality in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Examining how risk is embodied in a pooling of two prospective cohort studies.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Crystallized and fluid cognitive abilities have different genetic associations with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

General cognitive function and the brain's structural connectome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Multimodal Ageing Biomarkers and Plasma Proteomic Signatures Associated with All-Cause Mortality.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

33.1K

Pre-pandemic cognitive function and COVID-19 mortality: prospective cohort study.

George David Batty1, Ian J Deary2, Catharine R Gale2,3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. david.batty@ucl.ac.uk.

European Journal of Epidemiology
|April 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Poorer cognitive function, indicated by slower reaction times and lower verbal-numeric reasoning, was linked to increased COVID-19 mortality risk. These pre-pandemic cognitive measures predicted higher death rates from coronavirus disease 2019.

Keywords:
COVID-19Cognitive functionCohort

More Related Videos

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.1K
Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 8, 2025

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

33.1K
Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.1K
Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pre-morbid cognitive function is linked to mortality from lower respiratory tract infections.
  • The association between cognitive function and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality remains largely untested.
  • Cognitive abilities, such as information processing speed and reasoning, are key indicators of brain health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between pre-pandemic cognitive function and COVID-19 mortality.
  • To determine if measures of information processing speed and verbal-numeric reasoning predict COVID-19 death risk.
  • To assess the robustness of this association after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank data from individuals aged 40-69 years (2006-2010).
  • Assessed cognitive function using a reaction time test (information processing speed) and a verbal-numeric reasoning test.
  • Analyzed COVID-19 mortality data between April 1st and September 23rd, 2020, using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • A one standard deviation slower reaction time was associated with a 1.18-fold higher rate of COVID-19 death (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28).
  • A one standard deviation disadvantage in verbal-numeric reasoning was linked to a 1.32-fold higher rate of COVID-19 death (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.59).
  • These associations persisted even after adjusting for socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-pandemic cognitive function, specifically slower information processing speed and poorer verbal-numeric reasoning, is a significant predictor of COVID-19 mortality.
  • Cognitive health may represent an important, modifiable factor influencing vulnerability to severe outcomes from infectious diseases like COVID-19.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of cognitive assessment in identifying individuals at higher risk for adverse outcomes.