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Related Concept Videos

Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

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The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
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Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

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Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
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Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones01:04

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Vanillin—a flavoring agent in vanilla, cinnamaldehyde—a molecule responsible for the distinct smell of cinnamon, and acetone—a strong-smelling ingredient in nail polish removers, all belong to a class of carbonyl compounds called aldehydes and ketones (Figure 1). Although both aldehydes and ketones contain the characteristic carbonyl (C=O) bond, their chemical structures vary with respect to the groups directly attached to the carbonyl carbon.
In aldehydes (Figures 1a and 1b), the...
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Stimulants01:29

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Volatilization01:10

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
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Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
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Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

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Volatile aldehyde emissions from "sub-ohm" vaping devices.

Lucia Cancelada1, Xiaochen Tang2, Marion L Russell2

  • 1Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road MS70-108B, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States; División Química de La Remediación Ambiental, CNEA-CONICET, Avenida Gral. Paz 1499, (1650) San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Environmental Research
|April 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-power sub-ohm vaping devices can emit significant volatile carbonyls. Emissions vary with puff volume and airflow, with lower yields generally observed at higher airflow and larger puff volumes.

Keywords:
AerosolsCarbonylsFormaldehydeMODsSub-ohme-cigarettes

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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Consumer Product Safety

Background:

  • Sub-ohm atomizers, capable of high power output (100W+), are increasingly popular, especially among young users.
  • These devices may contribute significantly to indoor volatile carbonyl pollution.
  • Understanding emissions from next-generation vaping products is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize volatile aldehyde emissions from high-power sub-ohm vaping devices.
  • To investigate the influence of operational parameters (e-liquid consumption, puff volume, dilution airflow, coil configuration) on carbonyl yields.
  • To compare emissions with conventional electronic cigarettes.

Main Methods:

  • E-liquid consumption and volatile aldehyde emissions were measured for various sub-ohm configurations.
  • Tests varied puff volume (50-500 mL) and dilution airflow (air vent opening: 100%, 50%, 25%, 0%).
  • Coil resistance (0.15 Ω, 0.25 Ω, 0.6 Ω) and configurations (dual, quadruple, octuple) were evaluated at 3.8V.

Main Results:

  • E-liquid consumption per puff plateaued above 100 mL puff volume due to mass transfer limitations.
  • Highest formaldehyde emissions occurred at low puff volumes (50 mL) with restricted airflow (vents closed or 25%).
  • Lower formaldehyde yields (<20 ng/mg) were observed with 100% open vents or puff volumes >100 mL, indicating a cooling effect limiting carbonyl formation.
  • No clear trend linked carbonyl emissions to coil resistance or configuration, though a 0.25 Ω dual coil showed highest emissions.
  • Sub-ohm devices generally exhibited lower carbonyl yields compared to conventional e-cigarettes.

Conclusions:

  • Operational parameters like puff volume and airflow significantly influence carbonyl emissions from sub-ohm vaping devices.
  • Optimizing airflow and puffing behavior may mitigate indoor air pollution from these products.
  • Despite variability, sub-ohm devices may produce lower carbonyl yields than older e-cigarette models.